ACCION PAULIANA – an action where the creditor files an action in court for the rescission of acts or contracts entered into by the debtor designed to defraud the former
ACCION REIVINDICATORIA – an action where the plaintiff alleges ownership over a parcel of land seeks recovery of its possession
ACCION SUBROGATORIA – an action where the creditor whose claimes had not been fully satisfied, may go after the debtors (third persons) of the defendant-debtor
ANNUITY – is any continuing payment with a fixed total amount
ANTI-CHRESIS – an agreement between the creditor and the debtor where the latter gives the former the income from the property he/she has pledged in lieu of interest on his/her debt
CARTE BLANCHE – complete freedom to act as one wishes or thinks best
CERTIORARI – a writ or order by whicha higher court reviews a decision of a lower court
CLAIMS – a legal assertion or demand by a person who wants a payment, compensation or reimbursement for a loss under a contract or an injury caused by negligence
COMMODATUM – a a gratuitous contract involving a proper loan, that is, loan of a thing where the obligation is to return the goods in exactly the form in which it was lent
CONSIGNATION – the act of depositing the object of obligation to the court if the creditor unjustifiably refused to accept the same or not in the position to accept it due to some reason or circumstances
CREDITOR – an individual or an entity to whom money is due; “pinagkakautangan”
DEBTOR – an individual or an entity that is in debt to another; “may utang”
DEPOSIT – to place for safekeeping or in trust by the depositor, without any reward and which to be returned when the depositor shall require it