Article 1164

The creditor has a right to the fruits of the thing from the time the obligation to deliver it arises. However, he shall acquire no real right over it until the same has been delivered to him. (1095)

And nagpautang ay may karapatan sa mga bunga ng bagay mula sa oras na ang obligasyon na ihatid ito ay nagsimula. Ngunit, Siya ay dapat walang “real right” sa mga bagay na nasaad hanggang ang mga ito ay maihatid sa kanya.

Discussion:

The Debtor’s Obligation to deliver arise when :

1. When the obligation is based on law, quasi-delict, quasi-contract or crime, specific provisions of the applicable law shall determine when the delivery shall be done or affected.
2. When the obligation is subject to a suspensive condition, the obligation to deliver arises from the happening of the condition.
3. When the obligation is subject to a suspensive term or period, the obligation to deliver arises from the lapse of the term or period.
4. When there is no condition or term, the obligation to deliver arises from the constitution, creation or perfection of the obligation.

Case Illustration: Addison vs. Felix, 38 Phil 404 (August 3, 1918)

 

Article 1172

Responsibility arising from negligence in the performance of every kind of obligation is also demandable, but such liability may be regulated by the courts, according to the circumstances. (1103)

Ang responsibilidad na sanhi ng  kapabayaan ng pag gawa ng bawat obligasyon ay demandable , subalit ang nasabing  pananagutan  ay regulated ng hukuman  na aayon sa pagkakataon.

Case Illustration: Cangco vs. Manila Road Company

Article 1156

An obligation is a juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do. (n)

Ang obligasyon ay isang Juridical necessity na magbigay, gawin at hindi gawin.

Obligation derived from the latin word “obligatio” meaning tying or binding.  Joridical necessity connote that in case of non compliance, there will be legal sanction.

Elements:

Active Subject – the one is demanding the performance (Creditor)

Passive Subject – the one bound to perform the prestation to give, to give, to do or not to do

Prestation or Object – the subject matter of the obligation

Efficient Cause – the juridical tie or vinculum by virtue of which the debtor has become bound to perform the prestation

Case Illustration: ASJ Corporation and Antonio San Juan vs Spouses Efren and Maura Evangelista