Article 1163

Every person obliged to give something is also obliged to take care of it with the proper diligence of a good father of a family, unless the law or the stipulation of the parties requires another standard of care. (1094a)

Ang bawat tao na obligado na magbigay ng isang bagay ay obligado rin na pangalagaan ito na may tamang pagkalinga tulad ng isang ama ng tahanan, maliban kung ang batas o ang stipulasyon ng mga partido ay nangangailangan ng iba pang pamantayan ng pagaalaga.

Discussion:

*”The diligence of a good father of a family” is the diligence required on this article and if extraordinary diligence is required, then the obligor shall exercise extraordinary diligence.

Case Illustration: The Roman Catholic Bishop of Jaro vs. Gregorio De La PeÑa

Article 1164

The creditor has a right to the fruits of the thing from the time the obligation to deliver it arises. However, he shall acquire no real right over it until the same has been delivered to him. (1095)

And nagpautang ay may karapatan sa mga bunga ng bagay mula sa oras na ang obligasyon na ihatid ito ay nagsimula. Ngunit, Siya ay dapat walang “real right” sa mga bagay na nasaad hanggang ang mga ito ay maihatid sa kanya.

Discussion:

The Debtor’s Obligation to deliver arise when :

1. When the obligation is based on law, quasi-delict, quasi-contract or crime, specific provisions of the applicable law shall determine when the delivery shall be done or affected.
2. When the obligation is subject to a suspensive condition, the obligation to deliver arises from the happening of the condition.
3. When the obligation is subject to a suspensive term or period, the obligation to deliver arises from the lapse of the term or period.
4. When there is no condition or term, the obligation to deliver arises from the constitution, creation or perfection of the obligation.

Case Illustration: Addison vs. Felix, 38 Phil 404 (August 3, 1918)

 

Article 1165

When what is to be delivered is a determinate things, the creditor, in addition to the right granted him by Article 1170, may compel the debtor to make the delivery.

If the thing is indeterminate or generic, he may ask that the obligation be complied with at the expense of the debtor.

If the obligor delays, or has promised to deliver the same thing to two or more persons who do not have the same interest, he shall be responsible for fortuitous event until he has effected the delivery.

Kapag kung ano ang upang maihatid ay isang maliwanag na bagay, ang pinagkakautangan , bilang karagdagan sa kanan ipinagkaloob sa kanya ng Article 1170, maaaring pilitin ang may utang upang gawin ang paghahatid.

Kung ang bagay ay hindi tiyak o generic , maaari niyang hilingin na ang obligasyon na nakasunod sa sa kapinsalaan ng ang may utang .

 Kung ang obligor pagkaantala, o ipinangako upang maihatid ang parehong bagay sa dalawa o higit pang mga tao na hindi magkaroon ng parehong interes , siya’y magiging responsable para sa di-inaasahang pangyayari hanggang sa siya ay maapektuhan ang paghahatid.

 Yu Tek v. Gonzales

Facts: A obligated himself to sell for a definite price a certain specified quantity of sugar of a given quality, without designating a particular lot.

Issue: In case the sugar is lost by a fortuitous event, who bears loss prior to delivery, the seller or the buyer?

Held: In this case, the seller bears the loss because what was delivered was not a specific thing, but a generic thing. And genus never perishers. Incidentally, the sale here cannot be said to have been already perfected because of the lack of physical segregation from the rest of the sugar.