Article 1185

The condition that some event will not happen at a determinate time shall render the obligation effective from the moment the time indicated has elapsed, or if it has become evident that the event cannot occur.

If no time has been fixed, the condition shall be deemed fulfilled at such time as may have probably been contemplated, bearing in mind the nature of the obligation. (1118)

Ang obligasyon para sa kondisyon na may mga pangyayari na hindi magaganap sa nakatakdang panahon ay magkakaroon lamang ng bisa mula sa pagkalipas ng oras na nakasaad or kung naging malinaw na hindi na ito maaaring mangyari.

Sakaling walang panahon ang naitakda, ang kondisyon ay dapat ituring na nangyari na sa panahong napagnilayan, nang may pagsangalang-alang sa kalikasan ng obligasyon.

Discussion:

The condition that some even will not happen at a determinate time will make the obligation effective when:

a.) the determinate time has elapsed without the event having occured;

Illustration: Jun obligated himself to deliver a piece of land to Mario on the condition that Mario shall not run for Vice-Mayor in their municipality within 9 years.

More than 9 years had elapsed without Mario running for Vice-Mayor.  The obligation to deliver the piece of land becomes effective.

b.) it has become evident that the event will not occur.

Illustration: Jun obligated himself to deliver a piece of land to Mario on the condition that Mario shall not run for Vice-Mayor in their municipality within 9 years.

Before 9 years had elapsed, the Municipality became totally submerged by lahar and ceased to be a municipality.  The residents had to transfer to other municipalities.  In this case, even before the lapse of 9 years it is clear that the obligation has become effective because of the disappearance of the Municipality.  It is not evident that Mario can never run for Vice-Mayor anymore in that Municipality because it ceased to be one.

Article 1186

The condition shall be deemed fulfilled when obligor voluntarily prevents its fulfillment.

Ang kondisyon ay masasabing natupad na kung ang may obligasyon mismo ang boluntaryong pumigil sa pagtupad nito.

Discussion:

This article refers to constructive fulfillment of the condition. For constructive fulfilment to operate, the following requisites must be present:

(a) there is intent on the part of the obligor to prevent the happening of the condition

(b) the obligor actually prevents its fulfillment.

Hence, when the obligor committed an act voluntarily which is not intended to prevent the fulfillment of the condition but nevertheless resulted to in the frustration of the condition, there is no constructive fulfillment.

 Case Illustration: Labayen vs Talisay-Silay Milling Co. Inc. G.R. No. L-29298 (1928)

Article 1187

The effects of a conditional obligation to give, once the condition has been fulfilled, shall retroact to the day of the constitution of the obligation. Nevertheless, when the obligation imposes reciprocal prestations upon the parties, the fruits and interests during the pendency of the condition shall be deemed to have been mutually compensated. If the obligation is unilateral, the debtor shall appropriate the fruits and interests received, unless from the nature and circumstances of the obligation it should be inferred that the intention of the person constituting the same was different.

In obligations to do and not to do, the courts shall determine, in each case, the retroactive effect of the condition that has been complied with. (1120)

Ang epekto ng kondisyonal na obligasyon na magbigay, kapag ang kondisyon ay naisakatuparan na, dapat bumalik ito sa araw na binuo ang obligasyon. Maliban na lang kapag ang obligasyon ay nagpatupad ng kapalit na gawain sa bawat partido, ang bunga at tubo habang nakatigil ang kondisyon ay dapat naipalagay na upang magkaroon ng parehong kabayaran. Kapag ang obligasyon ay nasa iisang parte lang, ang nangutang ay nararapat na makatangap ng bunga at tubo, maliban na lang sa likas na kalagayan ng obligasyon dapat din na ipagpalagay na ang intension ng taong gumagawa ng katulad nun ay magkaiba.

Sa obligasyon na dapat gawin at hindi dapat gawin, ang korte ang magpapasya sa bawat kaso, ang may bisa sa nakaraan na epekto ng kondisyon ay naipatupad na.

Discussion:

*This article is applicable only to suspensive conditions where there was fulfillment.

*The effects of conditional obligation to give shall retroact to the date of the constitution of the obligation if the suspensive condition had been fulfilled.

Case Illustration: Rodrigo Enriquez Et. Al. vs. Soccoro Ramos