Article 1392

Ratification extinguishes the action to annul a voidable contract.

Ang pagpapatibay ay mawawala ang aksyon upang mapawalang bisa ang isang kontrata.

1. Confirmation, Ratification, Acknowledgment Distinguished

Technically and properly, the following terms must be used:

1. Confirmation – to cure a defect in a voidable contract.
2. Ratification- to cure the defect of lack of authority in an authorized contract (entered into by another).
3. Acknowledgment- to remedy a deficiency of proof (thus, an oral loan may be put in writing, or when a private instrument is made a public instrument).