If one party was mistaken and the other acted fraudulently or inequitably in such a way that the instrument does not show their true intention, the former may ask for the reformation of the instrument.
Kung isa sa mga partido ay nagkamali at ang isa ay nandaya o umakto nang hindi makatarungan kaya’t hindi naipapakita sa instrumento ang tunay nilang intensyon, pwedeng hingin ng nagkamali na ayusin ang instrumento.
Discussion:
Ordinarily, the unilateral mistake of a party will not exempt the other party from the effects of the contract. However, the presence of fraud or inequitable conduct justifies the reformation of the contract.
Case Illustration: Ong Chua vs Carr 53 Phil. 975 (1929)